SHIP OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

AIM:

1) To ensure a thorough knowledge and understanding of Ship Operations and Management.

2) To develop relevant communication skills.

SHIPOWNERS, OPERATORS AND MANAGERS

Key functions in ship management: commercial, operational, technical, crewing, bunkers, finance & administration.

Type of organisational structure: in-house, all or part contracted out.

Shipmanagement contracts (BIMCO Shipman)

SHIP TYPES

Design and construction with particular reference to suitability for cargoes and trades Dry Trades: Liner Trades - conventional tween decker, multi-purpose vessel,

containership, Ro/Ro cargo, barge carriers

Tramp Trades - conventional bulk vessel (handy size, panamax, cape-

size) ore carriers; combination carriers (ore/oil, ore/bulk/oil), refrigerated ships.

Wet Trades: Crude (ULCC, VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax) Product

Carrier; chemical carrier; gas carriers; specialist vessels

Ship-borne cargo handling gear including heavy lift and self unloaders

Terminology of measurements including dimensions, tonnages, cubic capacities, TEUs. Content and information available from capacity, general arrangement and stowage plans.

REGISTRATION, CLASSIFICATION, PORT STATE CONTROL, ISM CODE

Choice of flag, flag states, offshore registries and flags of convenience.

The role and function of classification societies. Classification societies registers. Class maintenance programmes and class surveys.

Safety certification. Port State Control.

Other surveys including on/off hire, pre-loading and bunkers

ISM Code – origin, application and audits.

Environmental protection; pollution liability.

COSTS

Fixed costs – return on capital, amortisation, debt servicing.

Daily operating costs – crew expenses, victualling, stores, lubricants, insurance, P & I calls (including reserve for deductible), repair/ maintenance, dry docking, communication.

Voyage related costs – bunkers, port costs (including tugs, pilots, agency fees), canal dues, loading/discharging costs.

Budgeting and financial results.

CREWING

Manning levels, recruiting officers and ratings. The Master and his authority. Using crewing agencies.

International regulations: Standards of Training, Certification & Watchkeeping (STCW), International Labour Organisation (ILO), International Transport Workers Federation (ITF). National trade unions.

Essential elements of crew costs; basic wages, overtime, allowances, leave, social costs. Crew nationalities, mixed crews.

MARINE INSURANCE

Hull and Machinery. Markets and placements. Institute warranties. Institute Time Clauses. Additional cover (war risk, ice etc.), Total Loss, Constructive Total Loss (CTL).

P & I - The constitution and cover provided by mutual associations. Strike insurance, pollution insurance.

General Average when and why to declare it. The role and function of average adjusters.

Coping with casualties. Limitations of liability, salvage claims. Lloyds Open Form and salvage arbitrations.

Cargo claims.

VESSEL OPERATIONS

Commercial Operations: voyage instructions, loading and discharging, compliance with contract including speed and performance issues. Other post fixture matters.

Technical Operations: Repair & maintenance, stores, dry docking.

Vessel routing: geographical and meteorological considerations, load line zones, canals and waterways.

CARGOES

Stowage factors; Characteristics; Stow plans & stability; compatibility, cleanliness, segregation etc.; IMDG Code, Outturn reports, tallying, sampling & disputes; Cargo damage, survey & reports.

BUNKER MANAGEMENT

Bunkers: Types of fuel supplied and their characteristics; Main bunker ports.

Key players in the bunker market, contracts (use of FuelCon), quantity and quality measurement, sampling and testing.

ACCOUNTING

Freight/hire collection, port disbursements, dealing with port agents. Demurrage/despatch claims. Dealing with contractors and sub-contractors including Tugs, Pilots, Stevedores, Terminal operators, Riggers, Hold/Tank cleaners, slop disposal services, dry docks, engine builders, lubricant and bunker supplies, repairers, ship chandlers etc.

VOYAGE ESTIMATING

Route calculations. Maximising cargo lift – load line zones and stability issues.

Bunker planning – choice of bunker ports.

Comparing different employment offers and alternative routes.

LAW RELATING TO SHIP MANAGEMENT

The legal position of the ship managers in relation to; cargo claims; arrest in rem; freezing orders and late hire payment.

NB: No exemption is permitted from this subject.

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